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In the May 1947 crises (or exclusion crises), the Communists were excluded from government in Italy and France. The crises are commonly reckoned the start of the Cold War in Europe. In Italy, the Christian Democrats, led by Alcide De Gasperi, were losing popularity, and feared that the leftist coalition would take power.〔Ginsborg, ''(A History of Contemporary Italy )'', pp. 111–113〕 The government expelled the ministers of the Communist Party of Italy (PCI) under pressure from United States President Harry Truman. In France, conflicting policies of members of the governing coalition and suspicion of the French Communist Party (PCF) created tension in the government. The Communist ministers opposed the government in a vote on wages policies, and, on 5 May 1947, were expelled from the government. The party's absence from government in France lasted well beyond the fall of the Fourth Republic, and the effect of this absence upon the party system and the stability of government have prompted historians such as Williams to describe 5 May 1947 as 'the most important date in the history of the Fourth Republic'.〔Williams, 'Crisis and Compromise', pg. 26〕 A further factor in the expulsion of the Communists was the exertion of US influence through the Marshall Plan. ==References== *Ginsborg, Paul (2003). ''(A History of Contemporary Italy: Society and Politics, 1943-1988 )'', Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 1-4039-6153-0 *Williams, Philip Maynard (1972). Crisis and Compromise: politics in the Fourth Republic, Longmans 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「May 1947 crises」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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